✚ How is the emergence of secular Jewish culture, primarily fine art, connected with the general political and national challenges facing Jews at the turn of the 20th centuries? ✚ What is Jewish folk art? ✚ How was it discovered? ✚ How did the Jewish artistic avant-garde emerge? ✚ What are its main achievements? ✚ How were national issues and the utopia of creating a "Jewish style" exhausted by the mid-1920s? ✚ Why did photography become the "main" national art form? ✚ Can photography be "read" in the context of national cultural tradition? ✚ How did agrarian colonization become the "main" project in Soviet Jewish nation-building? ✚ How was it represented by photography, cinema, and literature? ✚ How did Soviet anti-religious propaganda become a focal point for Soviet artists? ✚ How, using translations from Yiddish as an example, was the canon of Soviet children's literature formed?